Heart transplantation or combined heart/kidney transplantation? Even one renal biopsy may fool you.

Key words: biopsy; combined heart and kidney trans-which clinical decisions can be based. That this may not always be the case is illustrated by the following. plantation; interstitial fibrosis A 59-year-old male patient with a history of long standing diabetes mellitus type II and coronary heart It is usually assumed that one renal biopsy, i.e. a random sample of 10–20 out of the approximately 2 disease was put on the cardiac transplant waiting list because of progressive heart failure. At that time his million glomeruli, provides reliable information on Fig. 1. A kidney biopsy specimen (AFOG, ×60). Glomeruli show slight increase in mesangial matrix, tubuli are focally atrophic and arterioles show segmental hyalinosis.